A Hale Practice
Field Guide

A practitioner resource
for building trust.

The Hale framework — three dimensions, thirty prompts, and a facilitation guide — for the rooms you already work in.

Contents

What's inside.

01The Trust Problem 02The Hale Model 03The Trust Diagnostic 04Trust Roundtable Guide 0530 Facilitation Prompts 06Bringing It to Your Work 07Research Notes TrustGym App
"Trust doesn't build belonging. Trust IS belonging. When it's absent, people perform. When it's present, people become."
The Hale Concept
Section One

The Trust Problem

Why trust is the right frame — and what it costs when it's absent.

Something is wrong in most organizations, teams, and communities — and everyone can feel it. People show up, do the work, attend the meetings. But something essential is absent. Conversations stay surface-level. Decisions get second-guessed. People perform rather than contribute. They comply rather than commit.

The instinct is to name this as a culture problem, a communication problem, a leadership problem. Those aren't wrong — but they're downstream. The root is almost always trust.

What the research says

In 1995, researchers Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman published a model of organizational trust cited more than 15,000 times. Their finding: trust is not a personality trait or a feeling. It's a function of three perceived qualities — ability, benevolence, and integrity. When all three are present, trust forms. When any one is missing, it fractures.

Google's Project Aristotle — a two-year study of 180 teams — found that psychological safety was the single most important factor in team effectiveness. Not talent, not resources, not process. Whether people felt safe enough to take risks with one another.

Paul Zak's neuroscience research found that employees in high-trust companies report 74% less stress and 50% higher productivity than those in low-trust environments. The cost of low trust is not just cultural. It's measurable.

Why this framework

Most trust-building efforts fail because they treat trust as a single thing. The Hale Model treats trust as three distinct, trainable dimensions. Different deficits require different work. Naming the dimension is the first step to training it.

Section Two

The Hale Model

Three dimensions. Each trainable. Most people are strong in one, inconsistent in another, and underdeveloped in the third.

Reliability · Strength

Reliability

The Character Dimension

Consistency between what you say and what you do — over time, under pressure, when no one is watching. The foundation other people build on.

Low: Commitments made casually and forgotten. Behavior that changes depending on who's watching. A gap between stated values and daily decisions.

High: People know what to expect from you. You do the small things. You are the same person in every room.

Self-assessment

Think of a commitment you made in the last month that you didn't fully keep. What got in the way — circumstance, or habit?

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Presence · Cardio

Presence

The Relational Dimension

Genuine availability — attentional, not just physical. Making people feel actually heard. The quality that turns proximity into connection.

Low: Half-attention in conversations. Responses that address the surface. People feel like they're talking at you.

High: People feel more capable after talking to you. You notice what's not being said.

Self-assessment

In your last significant conversation, what percentage of your attention was actually on the other person?

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Adaptability · Flexibility

Adaptability

The Growth Dimension

How you handle rupture, change, and repair. Whether trust compounds or corrodes over time. The dimension most people skip.

Low: Conflicts that go underground. Feedback received defensively. Ruptures that become permanent.

High: You repair quickly. You learn in public without shame. You update.

Self-assessment

Think of a rupture — a moment where something cracked. Did it get repaired? What would repair have required?

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Section Three

The Trust Diagnostic

Nine questions built on cross-cultural research spanning 40+ countries. Use individually or with a group.

In TrustGym: The diagnostic runs automatically as part of onboarding and sets your training rotation. Download TrustGym →

The nine questions

Reliability
1.When you make a commitment, how often do you follow through — even when it becomes inconvenient?
2.How consistent is your behavior across different audiences? Are you the same person with your team as with your peers?
3.When you fall short of a commitment, what do you typically do first?
Presence
4.In conversations, how often are you fully present — versus planning your response?
5.When someone shares something difficult, what is your first instinct — to listen, to solve, or to relate it back to your own experience?
6.How often do people come back to you after a hard conversation feeling more capable than before?
Adaptability
7.When trust is broken between you and someone else, what typically happens — does it get repaired, or go underground?
8.How do you respond when feedback challenges your self-image or approach?
9.When circumstances change significantly, how quickly do you update your strategy?
Section Four

The Trust Roundtable

A structured 60–90 minute conversation format for any group. No prior training required to facilitate.

Before you begin

The flow

01
Opening round

Each person shares one word that describes their current relationship with trust in this group. No explanation required. Give people a moment to think before starting.

02
The main conversation

Choose one prompt from the 30 prompts below. Read it aloud. Sit with it for 30 seconds before anyone speaks. Let the conversation develop.

03
Reflection

Ask two questions: What shifted for you in this conversation? What surprised you? Give each person time to answer. Don't rush to action items.

04
Close

Each person names one behavioral commitment — something specific they will do differently in the next week based on what emerged.

Facilitation principles

Section Five

30 Facilitation Prompts

Ten per dimension. Use one at a time. Don't rush to fill silence.

01

Think of someone in your life whose reliability you depend on. What specific behaviors make them reliable — not their character, their behaviors?

02

What's one commitment you've been carrying that you know you won't keep? What would it cost you to say that honestly?

03

When have you been unreliable in a way that mattered to someone else? Did they know? Did you?

04

What's the difference between being busy and being undependable? Where is that line for the people who count on you?

05

Think of a time your behavior changed significantly based on who was watching. What were you protecting?

06

What would the people closest to you say is the gap between who you say you are and how you actually show up?

07

What's one thing you've been saying you value that your actions don't reflect? What would alignment look like?

08

When you fall short of a commitment, what story do you tell yourself about why? How often is that story accurate?

09

What does accountability without self-punishment look like for you? Have you seen it modeled?

10

What would it mean to be 10% more reliable — not perfect, just 10% more consistent — in one specific relationship or role?

01

When was the last time you felt truly heard by someone? What did they do — specifically — that created that experience?

02

Who in your life feels like they have to fight for your full attention? What do you think it costs them?

03

What do you typically do with your attention during a conversation that's hard for you? Where does it go?

04

Think of a conversation where you listened to respond rather than to understand. What did you miss?

05

What's the difference between being physically present and being attentionally present? Where do you draw that line?

06

When someone shares something painful with you, what is your first instinct? To fix it, relate to it, or receive it?

07

What would it mean to be available — not just accessible — to the people you lead or care for?

08

Think of someone who makes you feel like the most important person in the room when you talk to them. What are they doing?

09

What internal noise makes it hardest for you to be present? Anxiety, judgment, distraction, something else?

10

What's one conversation you've been half-present for that deserves a second, fuller attempt?

01

Think of a rupture — a broken trust, a conflict, a moment where something cracked. Did it get repaired? If not, what would repair have required?

02

What's your default response when someone gives you feedback that stings? What does that response cost you?

03

Think of a relationship where trust was broken and rebuilt. What made repair possible? What was required from each person?

04

What's a belief you've changed in the last five years? What caused you to update it?

05

When circumstances change significantly, what's your first instinct — to adapt or to hold the line? What does that cost you?

06

Who in your life is different from you in a way that makes you uncomfortable? What would genuine curiosity about that difference look like?

07

What's something you've been holding onto — a position, a grievance, an approach — that you know isn't working anymore?

08

Think of a time you changed your mind publicly. How did it feel? How did others respond?

09

What would it look like to disagree with someone and still leave them feeling respected? Have you done that recently?

10

If the relationships in your life were organized by how well-repaired they are, which ones would need attention? What's stopped you?

Section Six

Bringing the Practice
to Your Work

Trust is not an event. It's a practice. The difference is structure.

Weekly team meetings

Open with one prompt from this guide. 5 minutes, one question, no pressure to go deep. Consistency over intensity.

1:1 conversations

"Where are you in your Reliability practice this week?" creates a different conversation than "How are things going?"

After ruptures

Use the Adaptability prompts after a conflict — not to process what happened, but to name what repair looks like from here.

Onboarding

Share the framework with new members as part of how your group talks about culture. It signals that trust is something you work on here.

Section Seven

Research Notes

Twelve traditions spanning six continents and five decades. Accessible summaries for practitioners.

Mayer, Davis & Schoorman
1995 · 15,000+ citations

Identified ability, benevolence, and integrity as the three components of trustworthiness. Foundation of the Reliability dimension.

GLOBE Study — House et al.
2004, updated 2025 · 62 nations

Trust structure is cross-culturally consistent even as its expression varies. Foundation for the diagnostic's cross-cultural calibration.

Edmondson — Psychological Safety
1999–present

Psychological safety and its relationship to team learning and performance. Reinforces the Presence and Adaptability dimensions.

Google Project Aristotle
2012–2016 · 180 teams

Psychological safety is the single most important factor in team effectiveness — above talent, process, or resources.

Harvard — Neural Synchrony
2010–present

Being truly heard creates measurable neural synchrony between people. The physiological foundation of the Presence dimension.

Gottman Institute
1972–2024 · 50+ years

What distinguishes high-trust relationships is not the absence of conflict but the capacity for repair. Foundation of Adaptability.

Brené Brown — Trustworthiness
2010–present

Components of trustworthiness including keeping confidences, honesty about limits, and avoiding overpromising. Informs Reliability.

Ubuntu Philosophy
Southern Africa · Traditional

"I am because we are." Personhood-through-relationship as a foundational influence on Presence and Adaptability framing.

Tan & Chee — Confucian Trust
2005 · Singapore

How relationship-based trust differs from competence-based trust in Confucian cultural contexts.

Omeihe & Osabutey
2022 · Germany / South Africa

How institutional and interpersonal trust interact across different cultural and economic contexts.

Tan, Huang & Wyer
2024 · West Africa

Trust dynamics in Guinea and West African contexts, with attention to community-level trust and collective identity.

Klein, Molloy & Brinsfield
2019 · Malaysia / Panama / USA

How trust develops over time and across different institutional and cultural contexts.

The framework is the map.
TrustGym is the practice.

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